• China’s updated green taxonomy consolidates bond and loan market standards into a single catalogue, aiming to cut reporting costs and increase funding for decarbonisation.
• The new framework expands eligible green activities to include climate resilience, methane abatement, passenger rail, green trade, and consumer-focused green finance.
• While seen as a milestone for market efficiency, experts say further policy incentives and clarity are needed to avoid overlaps and strengthen adoption.

China has updated its green taxonomy in a bid to accelerate its net-zero transition, reduce market fragmentation, and lower compliance costs for financial institutions. The new Catalogue of Green Finance Endorsed Projects will take effect in October, replacing two separate green lists used for the bond and loan markets. The standards, issued jointly by the People’s Bank of China (PBoC), the National Financial Regulatory Administration, and the China Securities Regulatory Commission, will not cover equities.

The unified framework defines which economic activities and investments qualify as green or environmentally sustainable across a wide range of industries. Xie Wenhong, head of the China programme at the Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI), said the move will help bridge the gap between financial ambition and the real economy’s transition needs. “A longstanding issue, both in China and globally, is that the financial sector often leads the real economy in its ambition to go green but can struggle to effectively support the transition of the real economy,” he noted.

China has positioned itself as a regional leader in the energy transition. In 2024, it joined a joint green taxonomy initiative with Singapore and the EU to enable cross-border green loans and bonds.

Ting Su, Chinese sustainable research associate at the World Resources Institute, said the consolidation will improve efficiency and increase funding opportunities. “The updated and more consolidated catalogue is a big milestone to improving market efficiency and securing market integrity,” she said.

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The updated taxonomy widens the scope of green economic activities, including climate resilience, methane abatement, and—for the first time—passenger rail. CBI has long advocated for passenger rail’s inclusion due to its low-carbon benefits. The framework also prioritises green and low-carbon industries, which Xie said “is expected to provide much-needed momentum for industries to adopt greener practices.”

In a further expansion, the catalogue now includes green trade and consumption. Trade provisions support the import and export of energy-efficient equipment and green technologies, while green consumption focuses on shifting consumer demand toward sustainable goods. This could lead to products such as green consumer loans and mortgages.

“While its effectiveness remains to be seen, this inclusion could reduce consumer costs, incentivise manufacturers and drive innovation, providing a further boost to the green industry sector,” Xie explained.

Despite the progress, challenges remain. Ting noted there is still overlap with other transition finance standards during China’s pilot phase. “There needs to be more clarity to market participants on how to deal with the ambiguity to avoid double counting,” she said. She added that policy support will be key: “As green premium in China is lower than other developed markets, [the] creation of policy incentives based on the catalogue will play [an] important role to impetus the market.”

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