Last year’s emissions under the EU’s Emission Trading System (ETS) show the most significant annual emissions reductions since the ETS was launched in 2005. The main driver is the power sector’s significant progress in decarbonisation.

The data reported by EU Member States as of 2 April 2024 show a 15.5% decrease in emissions in 2023, compared to 2022 levels. With this development, ETS emissions are now around 47% below 2005 levels and well on track to achieve the 2030 target of -62%.

The observed trend confirms the effectiveness and efficiency of the EU’s cap and trade system as the main policy instrument for the decarbonisation of the European economy.

Electricity generation – significant increase in production of renewable energy

The most important driver for the record decrease in EU ETS emissions has been the power sector, with emissions from electricity production having decreased by an impressive 24% compared to 2022. This decrease is due to a substantial increase in renewable electricity production (primarily wind and solar), at the expense of both coal and gas.

The recovery of hydro and nuclear power due to more favourable climate conditions also contributed to the emissions decrease, but to a lesser extent.

Industry – emissions continue to decrease

Regarding energy intensive industry sectors, a reduction of emissions of around 7% compared to 2022 can be observed. The emission reductions in the industry sector are the result of a combination of reduced output and efficiency gains which are mainly visible in cement, iron and steel.

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Aviation – further rebound in emissions

Aviation emissions increased compared to 2022, by around 10%. This is a consequence of the aviation industry’s continued rebound from the traffic collapse during the COVID19 pandemic.